11/20/2012

[macsupport] Digest Number 9245

15 New Messages

Digest #9245
1a
Re: iMac password failed by "keith_w" keith9600
1b
Re: iMac password failed by "Otto Nikolaus" nikyzf
1c
Re: iMac password failed by "Dane Reugger" dar2112
1d
Re: iMac password failed by "joan05061" joan05061
1e
Re: iMac password failed by "joan05061" joan05061
1f
Re: iMac password failed by "Dane Reugger" dar2112
1g
Re: iMac password failed by "joan05061" joan05061
1h
Re: iMac password failed by "Dane Reugger" dar2112
2a
iTunes Stupid Question by "Donna Ells" dellis551
2b
Re: iTunes Stupid Question by "John Masters" joemastersk
3a
Re: Network: Connection Failed by "Ric Ziegler" hotsumatra
4a
Fwd: Hardware test and Force Load by "us2forever" rksangelkayann
4b
4c
Re: Fwd: Hardware test and Force Load by "Randy B. Singer" randybrucesinger
4d
Re: Hardware test and Force Load by "us2forever" rksangelkayann

Messages

Tue Nov 20, 2012 8:59 am (PST) . Posted by:

"keith_w" keith9600

As always, we can't guess what your mail program is.
For instance, I use SeaMonkey for the Mac.
In there, the main window's menu bar has Tools. Select that and you'll find
Password Manager / Manage Stored Passwords / and in the left hand pane, you
can select the Domain you want to check a password in.
If your mail client has a similar thing, that might work for you.

keith whaley

On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 8:43 AM, joan05061 <jsax@me.com> wrote:

> **
>
>
> I periodically reset my iMac password and it isn't working which means I
> probably hit a wrong key when resetting and all the different combinations
> I have tried have not revealed the mistake. What to do? I should have let
> well enough alone.
>
> Joan
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Tue Nov 20, 2012 9:23 am (PST) . Posted by:

"Otto Nikolaus" nikyzf

Is this your user account password, and you can no longer log in to the
iMac? Does it have another admin account?

Until recent versions of OS X you would boot from the install DVD and reset
the password from there. Which version do you have?

Otto

On 20 November 2012 16:43, joan05061 <jsax@me.com> wrote:

> I periodically reset my iMac password and it isn't working which means I
> probably hit a wrong key when resetting and all the different combinations
> I have tried have not revealed the mistake. What to do? I should have let
> well enough alone.
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Tue Nov 20, 2012 10:08 am (PST) . Posted by:

"Dane Reugger" dar2112

You can use the restore CD to reset your password or even easier is boot
into stand alone mode and change it -

Hold CMD + S after turning computer on.

Then from command line -

mount -uw / (mount the drive)
passwd 'yourusername' (reset your password)

give it a new password and you're done - reboot

-Dane

On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 10:43 AM, joan05061 <jsax@me.com> wrote:

> I periodically reset my iMac password and it isn't working which means I
> probably hit a wrong key when resetting and all the different combinations
> I have tried have not revealed the mistake. What to do? I should have let
> well enough alone.
>
> Joan
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------
>
> Group FAQ:
> <http://www.macsupportcentral.com/policies/>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Tue Nov 20, 2012 2:08 pm (PST) . Posted by:

"joan05061" joan05061

Exactly how do I type out the command? What is the main hard drive? A?
So would I type: "mount-us/A" and on the next line
passwd 'Joan B Sax' [with the single quotes? and then the password right afterwards with a space between the single quote and the password on the same line?
TIA

Joan

--- In macsupportcentral@yahoogroups.com, Dane Reugger <dane@...> wrote:
>
> You can use the restore CD to reset your password or even easier is boot
> into stand alone mode and change it -
>
> Hold CMD + S after turning computer on.
>
> Then from command line -
>
> mount -uw / (mount the drive)
> passwd 'yourusername' (reset your password)
>
> give it a new password and you're done - reboot
>
> -Dane
>
>
> On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 10:43 AM, joan05061 <jsax@...> wrote:
>
> > I periodically reset my iMac password and it isn't working which means I
> > probably hit a wrong key when resetting and all the different combinations
> > I have tried have not revealed the mistake. What to do? I should have let
> > well enough alone.
> >
> > Joan
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------------
> >
> > Group FAQ:
> > <http://www.macsupportcentral.com/policies/>
> >
> > Yahoo! Groups Links
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

Tue Nov 20, 2012 2:13 pm (PST) . Posted by:

"joan05061" joan05061

The password is also the administration password as well. Does that matter for this method? Also does it allow spaces because my admin name does have them in it (I should probably change that).
TIA once again.

Joan

--- In macsupportcentral@yahoogroups.com, Dane Reugger <dane@...> wrote:
>
> You can use the restore CD to reset your password or even easier is boot
> into stand alone mode and change it -
>
> Hold CMD + S after turning computer on.
>
> Then from command line -
>
> mount -uw / (mount the drive)
> passwd 'yourusername' (reset your password)
>
> give it a new password and you're done - reboot
>
> -Dane
>
>
> On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 10:43 AM, joan05061 <jsax@...> wrote:
>
> > I periodically reset my iMac password and it isn't working which means I
> > probably hit a wrong key when resetting and all the different combinations
> > I have tried have not revealed the mistake. What to do? I should have let
> > well enough alone.
> >
> > Joan
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------------
> >
> > Group FAQ:
> > <http://www.macsupportcentral.com/policies/>
> >
> > Yahoo! Groups Links
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

Tue Nov 20, 2012 2:43 pm (PST) . Posted by:

"Dane Reugger" dar2112

After booting into stand alone mode

type

ls /Users

then hit enter -

The case IS sensitive - notice the U is cap.

this will show you your user name (and others) - it wont have a space.

now for example if your username is johndoe
type exactly what you see below - hitting enter after each line

mount -uw /
passwd johndoe

But if you have the CD you may find that more user friendly .

-Dane

On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 4:13 PM, joan05061 <jsax@me.com> wrote:

> The password is also the administration password as well. Does that matter
> for this method? Also does it allow spaces because my admin name does have
> them in it (I should probably change that).
> TIA once again.
>
> Joan
>
> --- In macsupportcentral@yahoogroups.com, Dane Reugger <dane@...> wrote:
> >
> > You can use the restore CD to reset your password or even easier is boot
> > into stand alone mode and change it -
> >
> > Hold CMD + S after turning computer on.
> >
> > Then from command line -
> >
> > mount -uw / (mount the drive)
> > passwd 'yourusername' (reset your password)
> >
> > give it a new password and you're done - reboot
> >
> > -Dane
> >
> >
> > On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 10:43 AM, joan05061 <jsax@...> wrote:
> >
> > > I periodically reset my iMac password and it isn't working which means
> I
> > > probably hit a wrong key when resetting and all the different
> combinations
> > > I have tried have not revealed the mistake. What to do? I should have
> let
> > > well enough alone.
> > >
> > > Joan
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > ------------------------------------
> > >
> > > Group FAQ:
> > > <http://www.macsupportcentral.com/policies/>
> > >
> > > Yahoo! Groups Links
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------
>
> Group FAQ:
> <http://www.macsupportcentral.com/policies/>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Tue Nov 20, 2012 3:05 pm (PST) . Posted by:

"joan05061" joan05061

Many moons ago I used to navigate around DOS before Windoze and before Apple OS, so this doesn't frighten me and is a lot faster and easier. I will put in a notebook somewhere for future reference. The one further question I have is whether I type the new password with a space between the username and then the new password on the same line or do I type a return after username and then type in the new password? As it turned out I kept typing variants of what I knew the password should be with one error each time and finally got in. I promptly changed the password to something with fewer occasions for errors.
Is there a book with these commands listed in it? I assume it is a form of Unix, right?

Joan

passwd johndoe
--- In macsupportcentral@yahoogroups.com, Dane Reugger <dane@...> wrote:
>
> After booting into stand alone mode
>
> type
>
> ls /Users
>
> then hit enter -
>
> The case IS sensitive - notice the U is cap.
>
> this will show you your user name (and others) - it wont have a space.
>
> now for example if your username is johndoe
> type exactly what you see below - hitting enter after each line
>
> mount -uw /
> passwd johndoe
>
>
> But if you have the CD you may find that more user friendly .
>
> -Dane
>
>
> On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 4:13 PM, joan05061 <jsax@...> wrote:
>
> > The password is also the administration password as well. Does that matter
> > for this method? Also does it allow spaces because my admin name does have
> > them in it (I should probably change that).
> > TIA once again.
> >
> > Joan
> >
> > --- In macsupportcentral@yahoogroups.com, Dane Reugger <dane@> wrote:
> > >
> > > You can use the restore CD to reset your password or even easier is boot
> > > into stand alone mode and change it -
> > >
> > > Hold CMD + S after turning computer on.
> > >
> > > Then from command line -
> > >
> > > mount -uw / (mount the drive)
> > > passwd 'yourusername' (reset your password)
> > >
> > > give it a new password and you're done - reboot
> > >
> > > -Dane
> > >
> > >
> > > On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 10:43 AM, joan05061 <jsax@> wrote:
> > >
> > > > I periodically reset my iMac password and it isn't working which means
> > I
> > > > probably hit a wrong key when resetting and all the different
> > combinations
> > > > I have tried have not revealed the mistake. What to do? I should have
> > let
> > > > well enough alone.
> > > >
> > > > Joan
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > ------------------------------------
> > > >
> > > > Group FAQ:
> > > > <http://www.macsupportcentral.com/policies/>
> > > >
> > > > Yahoo! Groups Links
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------------
> >
> > Group FAQ:
> > <http://www.macsupportcentral.com/policies/>
> >
> > Yahoo! Groups Links
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

Tue Nov 20, 2012 3:39 pm (PST) . Posted by:

"Dane Reugger" dar2112

It is Unix in origin - OS X is based on FreeBSD which based on Unix.

There are lots of books on Unix commands but unless you plan to use it
extensively I would just Google what you need - or try the unix command man
for usage help.

Glad you sorted it out,

-Dane

On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 5:05 PM, joan05061 <jsax@me.com> wrote:

> Many moons ago I used to navigate around DOS before Windoze and before
> Apple OS, so this doesn't frighten me and is a lot faster and easier. I
> will put in a notebook somewhere for future reference. The one further
> question I have is whether I type the new password with a space between the
> username and then the new password on the same line or do I type a return
> after username and then type in the new password? As it turned out I kept
> typing variants of what I knew the password should be with one error each
> time and finally got in. I promptly changed the password to something with
> fewer occasions for errors.
> Is there a book with these commands listed in it? I assume it is a form of
> Unix, right?
>
> Joan
>
> passwd johndoe
> --- In macsupportcentral@yahoogroups.com, Dane Reugger <dane@...> wrote:
> >
> > After booting into stand alone mode
> >
> > type
> >
> > ls /Users
> >
> > then hit enter -
> >
> > The case IS sensitive - notice the U is cap.
> >
> > this will show you your user name (and others) - it wont have a space.
> >
> > now for example if your username is johndoe
> > type exactly what you see below - hitting enter after each line
> >
> > mount -uw /
> > passwd johndoe
> >
> >
> > But if you have the CD you may find that more user friendly .
> >
> > -Dane
> >
> >
> > On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 4:13 PM, joan05061 <jsax@...> wrote:
> >
> > > The password is also the administration password as well. Does that
> matter
> > > for this method? Also does it allow spaces because my admin name does
> have
> > > them in it (I should probably change that).
> > > TIA once again.
> > >
> > > Joan
> > >
> > > --- In macsupportcentral@yahoogroups.com, Dane Reugger <dane@> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > You can use the restore CD to reset your password or even easier is
> boot
> > > > into stand alone mode and change it -
> > > >
> > > > Hold CMD + S after turning computer on.
> > > >
> > > > Then from command line -
> > > >
> > > > mount -uw / (mount the drive)
> > > > passwd 'yourusername' (reset your password)
> > > >
> > > > give it a new password and you're done - reboot
> > > >
> > > > -Dane
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > On Tue, Nov 20, 2012 at 10:43 AM, joan05061 <jsax@> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > > I periodically reset my iMac password and it isn't working which
> means
> > > I
> > > > > probably hit a wrong key when resetting and all the different
> > > combinations
> > > > > I have tried have not revealed the mistake. What to do? I should
> have
> > > let
> > > > > well enough alone.
> > > > >
> > > > > Joan
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > ------------------------------------
> > > > >
> > > > > Group FAQ:
> > > > > <http://www.macsupportcentral.com/policies/>
> > > > >
> > > > > Yahoo! Groups Links
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > ------------------------------------
> > >
> > > Group FAQ:
> > > <http://www.macsupportcentral.com/policies/>
> > >
> > > Yahoo! Groups Links
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------
>
> Group FAQ:
> <http://www.macsupportcentral.com/policies/>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Tue Nov 20, 2012 1:14 pm (PST) . Posted by:

"Donna Ells" dellis551

Hi.

When purchasing audio books from iTunes, how does one know if the book is
actually audio before purchasing it, or if it is an e-book?

The apple Support Community does not address this question exactly.

I've tried searching specifically by author or book title with the word
"audio" after, and a mixture pops up.

Do all the audio books have the word "audio" in the title?

thanks so much for your help

(and Happy Thanksgiving to all who celebrate it!)

Donna

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Tue Nov 20, 2012 1:29 pm (PST) . Posted by:

"John Masters" joemastersk


On 20 Nov 2012, at 21:14, Donna Ells <dellis70@tampabay.rr.com> wrote:

> Hi.
>
> When purchasing audio books from iTunes, how does one know if the book is
> actually audio before purchasing it, or if it is an e-book?
>
> The apple Support Community does not address this question exactly.
>
> I've tried searching specifically by author or book title with the word
> "audio" after, and a mixture pops up.
>
> Do all the audio books have the word "audio" in the title?
>
> thanks so much for your help
>
> (and Happy Thanksgiving to all who celebrate it!)
>
> Donna
>

If it says "Buy Audio Book" on the purchase button it's an audiobook, if it says "Buy Book" it's an eBook.

Audiobooks is a subsection of its own under Books in the iTunes store.

John

Tue Nov 20, 2012 2:51 pm (PST) . Posted by:

"Ric Ziegler" hotsumatra

what happens if you click 'connect as' after you get the connection failed message, and use
known good credentials from the machine you're trying to connect to?
regards,
.rz

On Nov 20, 2012, at 10:58 AM, hvmacman <jimwillett@mac.com> wrote:

> Dan (and Jim),
> It appears that I have everything set up as you all have suggested and as I understand it.
> I am the administrator of the iMac and one of the two people on the Mini is the administrator.
> When using the Mini, the iMac is in the sidebar of the Finder under Shared. Clicking on the iMac brings it up in the next column, but almost immediately the "Connection Failed" notice comes up.
> Don't know what the problem is but I'll keep dickering around with it. It will probably turn out to be an aha moment, interpret: operator error.
> Thanks for the advice and have a great day.
> - Jim
>
> --- In macsupportcentral@yahoogroups.com, Denver Dan <denver.dan@...> wrote:
> >
> > Howdy.
> >
> > Jim, be sure that both Macs are configured the same for File Sharing.
> >
> > Then check the type of User Account on each Mac. There are several
> > levels of User Account that can be created. The "Standard" user
> > account is a basic and very restricted account.
> >
> > Both account ought to be "Admin" accounts unless you have a security
> > reason for using restricted Standard/basic accounts.
> >
> > When you see the "Connection Failed" notice on the Mac Mini exactly at
> > what point do you see this? Can you "see" the iMac in the Sidebar of a
> > Finder window under the Shared section? Can you click and click and
> > then "see" the Dropbox folder on the iMac on the Mini BEFORE attempting
> > to drag a file to the iMac's Public Folder?
> >
> > And, a note, if you have a security issue where you might need to
> > create Standard/basic user accounts that are restricted from installing
> > software, deleting software, and much more, you can still set these up
> > via File Sharing for certain access rights to specific locations and
> > folders on a network.
> >
> > Denver Dan
> >
> >
> > On Sun, 11 Nov 2012 13:42:55 +0000, hvmacman wrote:
> > > I have done several searches and read a bunch but have not found the
> > > solution to my problem. If anyone can help it would be greatly
> > > appreciated. Here is the problem:
> > >
> > > I work at a small museum and we have two Macs, a 2006 iMac running
> > > 10.7.5 and a 2011 Mini running 10.8.2. Both are connected to a
> > > wireless network.
> > >
> > > The problem is that the iMac can put files in the Public Folder Drop
> > > Box of the Mini but when the same action is attempted from the Mini
> > > to the iMac, there is a "Connection Failed" notice on the Mini.
> > >
> > > Thank you in advance.
> > >
> > > Jim Willett
> >
>
>

--

ASCII stupid question, get a stupid ANSI

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Tue Nov 20, 2012 4:06 pm (PST) . Posted by:

"us2forever" rksangelkayann

Since I have not received an answer, I gather I have gotten myself into an unusual situation. Could anyone tell me what I could google or another place I can look for some help.

Thanks
Kay

1. My friend has my old iMac with OS 10.4. He moved it from one room to another and when he started it up, he got a rectangle with a Hardware Test procedure on it. He can do the tests but it will not go away. If you shut down and restart it, the Test area is back. I sent him the directions for a safe start and he said it did not work. I have never come across this. Any help will be appreciated.

2. When I start Safari on my AirBook running Mt. Lion, the opening page will not start up till I hit the X to stop loading and hit the go arrow. Then I get a "force load" message and that brings the pages right up. I have run utilities, verifying the disc and repairing it and permissions. I have also done Onyx cleaning and automation using their settings but nothing has helped. Any ideas?

Thank you so very much
Kay
MacBook Air
Mac OS X 10.8
1.8 GHz Intel Core i7
4GB 1333 Mhz DDR3
MacBook Pro 1.1
Mac OS X 10.6.8
1.83 GHz Intel Core Duo
1 GB 667 MHz DDR2 SDRAM
MacBook
Mac OS X 10.6.7
2GHz Intel Core 2 Duo
3 GB 667 MHz DDR2 SDRAM

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Tue Nov 20, 2012 4:27 pm (PST) . Posted by:

"HAL9000" jrswebhome

One can always search Google for your specific Mac issue: OSX+Issue+Mac model.

Also you could boot from an installer 10.4 dvd or an installer flash drive, or some installer disk you have made just in case you have to reinstall your Lion system. You did create a bootable installer disk for Lion? If you did this crucial step in computer use, you can reinstall the system, or, you can RESTORE your computer to a previous backup (just before all the trouble) that Time Machine would make for you if you follow safe computer practices.

One could redownload Safari and reinstall Safari to see if it clears up any issues.

--- In macsupportcentral@yahoogroups.com, us2forever <us2forever@...> wrote:
>
> Since I have not received an answer, I gather I have gotten myself into an unusual situation. Could anyone tell me what I could google or another place I can look for some help.
>
> Thanks
> Kay
>
> 1. My friend has my old iMac with OS 10.4. He moved it from one room to another and when he started it up, he got a rectangle with a Hardware Test procedure on it. He can do the tests but it will not go away. If you shut down and restart it, the Test area is back. I sent him the directions for a safe start and he said it did not work. I have never come across this. Any help will be appreciated.
>
>
> 2. When I start Safari on my AirBook running Mt. Lion, the opening page will not start up till I hit the X to stop loading and hit the go arrow. Then I get a "force load" message and that brings the pages right up. I have run utilities, verifying the disc and repairing it and permissions. I have also done Onyx cleaning and automation using their settings but nothing has helped. Any ideas?
>
> Thank you so very much
> Kay
> MacBook Air
> Mac OS X 10.8
> 1.8 GHz Intel Core i7
> 4GB 1333 Mhz DDR3
> MacBook Pro 1.1
> Mac OS X 10.6.8
> 1.83 GHz Intel Core Duo
> 1 GB 667 MHz DDR2 SDRAM
> MacBook
> Mac OS X 10.6.7
> 2GHz Intel Core 2 Duo
> 3 GB 667 MHz DDR2 SDRAM
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

Tue Nov 20, 2012 7:07 pm (PST) . Posted by:

"Randy B. Singer" randybrucesinger


On Nov 20, 2012, at 2:07 PM, us2forever wrote:

> Since I have not received an answer, I gather I have gotten myself into an unusual situation. Could anyone tell me what I could google or another place I can look for some help.
>
> Thanks
> Kay
>
> 1. My friend has my old iMac with OS 10.4. He moved it from one room to another and when he started it up, he got a rectangle with a Hardware Test procedure on it. He can do the tests but it will not go away. If you shut down and restart it, the Test area is back. I sent him the directions for a safe start and he said it did not work. I have never come across this. Any help will be appreciated.

I've never heard of this happening before, and I can't find any sign of it happening with anyone else in Apple's tech notes or via a Google search.

What's surprising about the situation is that for older Macs like his, Hardware Test shouldn't be available from the hard drive, it should only be available with the OS X installer disk mounted.

My recommendation would be for your friend to re-install the OS using the OS X installer disk and see if that helps.

If it doesn't help, I suspect that a trip to the Apple Store Genius Bar, or calling AppleCare, will be necessary.

___________________________________________
Randy B. Singer
Co-author of The Macintosh Bible (4th, 5th, and 6th editions)

Macintosh OS X Routine Maintenance
http://www.macattorney.com/ts.html
___________________________________________

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Tue Nov 20, 2012 8:20 pm (PST) . Posted by:

"us2forever" rksangelkayann

Randy and HAL9000,

Thank you for the ideas. I will re-install on the iMac and my own safari. I really appreciate your sharing.

Happy Thanksgiving,
Kay

On Nov 20, 2012, at 7:07 PM, Randy B. Singer <randy@macattorney.com> wrote:

On Nov 20, 2012, at 2:07 PM, us2forever wrote:

> Since I have not received an answer, I gather I have gotten myself into an unusual situation. Could anyone tell me what I could google or another place I can look for some help.
>
> Thanks
> Kay
>
> 1. My friend has my old iMac with OS 10.4. He moved it from one room to another and when he started it up, he got a rectangle with a Hardware Test procedure on it. He can do the tests but it will not go away. If you shut down and restart it, the Test area is back. I sent him the directions for a safe start and he said it did not work. I have never come across this. Any help will be appreciated.

I've never heard of this happening before, and I can't find any sign of it happening with anyone else in Apple's tech notes or via a Google search.

What's surprising about the situation is that for older Macs like his, Hardware Test shouldn't be available from the hard drive, it should only be available with the OS X installer disk mounted.

My recommendation would be for your friend to re-install the OS using the OS X installer disk and see if that helps.

If it doesn't help, I suspect that a trip to the Apple Store Genius Bar, or calling AppleCare, will be necessary.

___________________________________________
Randy B. Singer
Co-author of The Macintosh Bible (4th, 5th, and 6th editions)

Macintosh OS X Routine Maintenance
http://www.macattorney.com/ts.html
___________________________________________

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